NAME: Lymphoma SYSTEM: Lymphatic SYMPTOMS: Swelling of lymph nodes in neck, underarm, groin; fevers, night sweats, weight-loss, tiredness, itchiness, redness of skin. Occasional nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pains. SUMMARY: The most prevalent of the lymphoma disorders is the Hodgkin's disease. It is a type of cancer that attacks your lymphatic (immune) system , traveling through the lymph vessels and generating swelling of nodes. This is caused due to a transformation where the lymphs grow and multiply uncontrollably. WHO IT AFFECTS: Causes of lymphoma are unknown, sometimes happening due to drug usage. Anyone can be susceptible to this disease, most frequently between the ages of 16-34 and 55+. TREATMENTS: Conventional treatments include chemotherapy and radiation; occasionally surgery is necessary to sequester a large tumor. PICTURE: http://www.click2cancer.com/commoncancers/_41381321_lymphoma.gif
Leukemia is a cancer that affects the growth of white blood cells. It causes the body to produce abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow, crowding away normal white blood cells. As a result, the abnormal white blood cells are left to defend the body, but are obviously incapable.
Leukemia can either be acute or chronic, or growing quickly or slowly. Symptoms of Acute Leukemia include infections, fever, weight loss, tiredness, swelling in the abdomen, pain in joints and bones, and easy bruising or bleeding. Symptoms of Chronic Leukemia include all above symptoms and swollen lymph nodes.
Leukemia is a relatively curable disease. Treatments for Acute Leukemia are chemotherapy, radiation and stem cell transplantation. Treatments for Chronic Leukemia also include biological therapy and surgery. In Chronic Leukemia, patients may not need to receive immediate treatment if symptoms have not occurred.
It is currently unknown what exactly causes leukemia, although there are risk factors that can increase the chance of obtaining the disease. People who are exposed to radiation and toxic chemicals have a higher risk of becoming ill with leukemia.
Recently, a group of scientists from the Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry in London have discovered that cannabis (marijuana) has the potential of destroying leukemia cells.
Works Cited http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/leukemiaadultchronic.html http://www.medicinenet.com/leukemia/article.htm http://www.labnews.co.uk/news_archive.php/987/5/cannabis-destroys-cancer-cells/ http://www.healthjockey.com/images/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia.jpg
Symptoms of an aneurysm depends on its location and many are present without symptoms. Symptoms include pulsing and pain in the location of the aneurysm, especially if it is pressed against internal organs. A ruptured aneurysm, depending on the amount of internal bleeding, may lead to shock, loss of consciousness or death.
An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge in the wall of an artery.
People at the highest risk of an aneurysm are men who are 65-75 years old and have smoked. They may also be caused by an inherited disease such as Marfan syndrome.
Aneurysms are treated surgically. A patch of artificial blood vessel is sewn where the aneurysm was, preventing it from bursting again. Medicine can also be prescribed to reduce heart rate and blood pressure for minor aneurysms.
Aneurysm, Aortic. American Heart Association. April 7, 2009. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4455
What is an Aneurysm. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. August, 2006. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/arm/arm_what.html
Aneurysms – Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention. Health Encyclopedia. http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/198/main.html
A peptic ulcer is an ailment of the digestive system in which erosion sores develop on the lining of the abdomen and often cause stomach pain. Ulcers cause burning pain in the upper abdomen. These symptoms frequently occur several hours following a meal, after the food leaves the stomach but while acid production is still high. Thus the pain usually occurs at night. Instead of pain, some patients experience intense hunger or bloating. Antacids and milk usually give temporary relief. Other patients have no pain but experience black stools, indicating that the ulcer is bleeding. Bleeding is a very serious condition for patients who have ulcers, and requires immediate hospitalization. Though they affect up to 10% of Americans at least once, peptic ulcers are quite treatable. They are most commonly caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, but can also result from aspirin use, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. Individuals who have the H. pylori bacterium living in their G.I. tract are very susceptible to peptic ulcers. A family history of ulcers or a blood type of O also increase one’s risk. Treatment of a peptic ulcer often involves an antibiotic to kill the H. pylori, acid blockers, proton pump inhibitors, and medications that protect the stomach lining.
Thyroid disease affects the thyroid gland in the Endocrine system. It occurs when the thyroid gland (a small gland located in the neck) doesn’t release the right amount of thyroid hormone. There are two types of thyroid disease: hypothyrodism (too little thyroid hormone) and hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid hormone). Both diseases cause the thyroid to grow into a lump that can be seen and felt under the skin in the neck. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism: nervousness, irritability, increased perspiration, intolerance to heat, irregular menstrual periods, weakness in muscles, and weight loss. Eyes often bug out. Treatment often consists of anti-thyroid drugs. In rare cases thyroid surgery in required. Symptoms of hypothyroidism: symptoms often don’t show up until the disease progresses. Depression, weight gain, slow growth in height and sexual development, irregular menstrual periods, difficulty with concentration, muscle weakness, dry skin, hair loss, and poor memory. Treatment is usually just taking supplementary thyroid hormone daily via pills. The disease usually affects teens and young adults. Women are at greater risk than men. It is usually caused by autoimmune diseases like Grave’s disease and Hashimoto disease.
Symptoms: Low Calcium, low bone density, and low Calcium D are characteristics of Osteoporosis. There are no specific symptoms, other than an increased risk for bone fractures.
Summary: Osteoporosis is a disorder affecting the skeletal system, in which an individual's normal bone density is reduced; due to this reduced bone density, those with the disorder experience in increased fragility of bones, thus are more likely to undergo bone fracture. Bones in those with Osteoporosis have abnormal structure that is less dense and more 'holey' and porous, making it much more compressible than normal bone. Possible causes of Osteoporosis include prolonged immobilization (i.e. you break a limb, and are unable to move while the fracture is healing), malnutrition, and hypogonadism (which occurs which reproductive organs are under active, as seen in individual's diagnosed with disorders such as Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, or anorexia nervosa).
Who it affects: Osteoporosis is most common in postmenopausal women.
Treatment: Preventative medication includes hormones (estrogen and progestin), which increases the risk for other diseases. People diagnosed with osteoporosis are usually prescribed medication that attempts to prevent further bone loss and reduces the risk of fractures. This medication could include the hormones teriparatide and calcitonin. There are also six bisphosphates that can be prescribed to those with osteoporosis, but these have not been around long enough to see their long term effects. Raloxifene (Evista), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, can be prescribed to help prevent fractures, but also puts the patient at risk for other disorders and diseases. Regular exercise and keeping vision prescriptions up to date are daily ways to increase bone density and reduce the risk of falling.
Affects: Respiratory System (specifically the lungs) Symptoms: Fever, headache, dry cough, chills, chest pain, weight loss, sweats, Anemia, Pneumonia, Pericarditis, Meningitis, Adrenal insufficiency, ulcers of the mouth, tongue, and/or intestinal tract
Summary: Disseminated Histoplasmosis is a disease that results from a fungus known as Histoplasma capsulatum. This fungus is found in mostly temperate climates, including Ohio and Missouri. It affects people with a poor immune system, and can also spread to other parts of the body (i.e eyes, liver, bone, etc). If untreated, disseminated histoplasmosis can cause death. When it first enters the body, it is in mycelial form, and will eventually grow as yeast in mammals. Individuals who are infected are asymptomatic and are exposed to large amounts of inoculum.
Affects: Any age group, but especially those are very young or very old.
Treatement: Medical therapy and give intrathecal or intraventricular injections and if required, intravenous antifungal therapy.
The system affected by the disease: Central nervous system (Brain)
Symptoms: portion of the brain hanging out of the skull in a skin covered sac.
Summary of the disease: The bone of the skull does not completely close creating a gap where the spinal fluid and brain tissue exit the skull making a mass outside the head. The disease produces a sac to hold the external portion of the brain. Encephalocele is considered as a neural tube defect. The part of the brain located outside of the skull may be large holding disorganized cerebral hemispheres. The protruding brain mass may be small holding gliotic cerebellum and meninges. When the mass is large, it can cause severe mental impairment to the child.
Who it affects: Encephalocele affects 1/1000 children.
Treatments: Surgery is used to put back the spinal fluid and brain tissue from the sac into his normal location.
10 comments:
NAME: Lymphoma
SYSTEM: Lymphatic
SYMPTOMS: Swelling of lymph nodes in neck, underarm, groin; fevers, night sweats, weight-loss, tiredness, itchiness, redness of skin. Occasional nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pains.
SUMMARY: The most prevalent of the lymphoma disorders is the Hodgkin's disease. It is a type of cancer that attacks your lymphatic (immune) system , traveling through the lymph vessels and generating swelling of nodes. This is caused due to a transformation where the lymphs grow and multiply uncontrollably.
WHO IT AFFECTS: Causes of lymphoma are unknown, sometimes happening due to drug usage. Anyone can be susceptible to this disease, most frequently between the ages of 16-34 and 55+.
TREATMENTS: Conventional treatments include chemotherapy and radiation; occasionally surgery is necessary to sequester a large tumor.
PICTURE: http://www.click2cancer.com/commoncancers/_41381321_lymphoma.gif
CITATION:
http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/304/main.html#TreatmentofLymphoma
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphoma.html
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/lymphoma/article_em.htm
wow, thank you for this. i learned a lot about lymphoma
Leukemia – Disease of the Immune System
Leukemia is a cancer that affects the growth of white blood cells. It causes the body to produce abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow, crowding away normal white blood cells. As a result, the abnormal white blood cells are left to defend the body, but are obviously incapable.
Leukemia can either be acute or chronic, or growing quickly or slowly. Symptoms of Acute Leukemia include infections, fever, weight loss, tiredness, swelling in the abdomen, pain in joints and bones, and easy bruising or bleeding. Symptoms of Chronic Leukemia include all above symptoms and swollen lymph nodes.
Leukemia is a relatively curable disease. Treatments for Acute Leukemia are chemotherapy, radiation and stem cell transplantation. Treatments for Chronic Leukemia also include biological therapy and surgery. In Chronic Leukemia, patients may not need to receive immediate treatment if symptoms have not occurred.
It is currently unknown what exactly causes leukemia, although there are risk factors that can increase the chance of obtaining the disease. People who are exposed to radiation and toxic chemicals have a higher risk of becoming ill with leukemia.
Recently, a group of scientists from the Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry in London have discovered that cannabis (marijuana) has the potential of destroying leukemia cells.
Works Cited
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/leukemiaadultchronic.html
http://www.medicinenet.com/leukemia/article.htm
http://www.labnews.co.uk/news_archive.php/987/5/cannabis-destroys-cancer-cells/
http://www.healthjockey.com/images/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia.jpg
Aneurysm
Picture http://www.daviddarling.info/images/aneurysms.jpg
Circulatory System
Symptoms of an aneurysm depends on its location and many are present without symptoms. Symptoms include pulsing and pain in the location of the aneurysm, especially if it is pressed against internal organs. A ruptured aneurysm, depending on the amount of internal bleeding, may lead to shock, loss of consciousness or death.
An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge in the wall of an artery.
People at the highest risk of an aneurysm are men who are 65-75 years old and have smoked. They may also be caused by an inherited disease such as Marfan syndrome.
Aneurysms are treated surgically. A patch of artificial blood vessel is sewn where the aneurysm was, preventing it from bursting again. Medicine can also be prescribed to reduce heart rate and blood pressure for minor aneurysms.
Aneurysm, Aortic. American Heart Association. April 7, 2009. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4455
What is an Aneurysm. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. August, 2006. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/arm/arm_what.html
Aneurysms – Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention. Health Encyclopedia. http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/198/main.html
Peptic Ulcers
A peptic ulcer is an ailment of the digestive system in which erosion sores develop on the lining of the abdomen and often cause stomach pain. Ulcers cause burning pain in the upper abdomen. These symptoms frequently occur several hours following a meal, after the food leaves the stomach but while acid production is still high. Thus the pain usually occurs at night. Instead of pain, some patients experience intense hunger or bloating. Antacids and milk usually give temporary relief. Other patients have no pain but experience black stools, indicating that the ulcer is bleeding. Bleeding is a very serious condition for patients who have ulcers, and requires immediate hospitalization. Though they affect up to 10% of Americans at least once, peptic ulcers are quite treatable. They are most commonly caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, but can also result from aspirin use, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. Individuals who have the H. pylori bacterium living in their G.I. tract are very susceptible to peptic ulcers. A family history of ulcers or a blood type of O also increase one’s risk. Treatment of a peptic ulcer often involves an antibiotic to kill the H. pylori, acid blockers, proton pump inhibitors, and medications that protect the stomach lining.
1) © 1998-2009 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/peptic-ulcer/ds00242
2) © 1997-2009, A.D.A.M., Inc.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000206.htm
3) © 2008 Jackson Siegelbaum Gastroenterology
http://www.gicare.com/diseases/Peptic-Ulcer.aspx
Image: http://images.medicinenet.com/images/illustrations/peptic_ulcer.jpg
Thyroid disease
Thyroid disease affects the thyroid gland in the Endocrine system. It occurs when the thyroid gland (a small gland located in the neck) doesn’t release the right amount of thyroid hormone. There are two types of thyroid disease: hypothyrodism (too little thyroid hormone) and hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid hormone). Both diseases cause the thyroid to grow into a lump that can be seen and felt under the skin in the neck.
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism: nervousness, irritability, increased perspiration, intolerance to heat, irregular menstrual periods, weakness in muscles, and weight loss. Eyes often bug out. Treatment often consists of anti-thyroid drugs. In rare cases thyroid surgery in required.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism: symptoms often don’t show up until the disease progresses. Depression, weight gain, slow growth in height and sexual development, irregular menstrual periods, difficulty with concentration, muscle weakness, dry skin, hair loss, and poor memory. Treatment is usually just taking supplementary thyroid hormone daily via pills.
The disease usually affects teens and young adults. Women are at greater risk than men. It is usually caused by autoimmune diseases like Grave’s disease and Hashimoto disease.
Picture:
http://www.abc.net.au/health/library/img/thyroid_gland_diag.gif
Sources consulted:
http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/growth/thyroid.html?tracking=T_RelatedArticle
http://www.cdc.gov/NCEH/radiation/hanford/htdsweb/guide/th_trea.htm
http://thyroid.about.com/cs/basics_starthere/a/thyroid101.htm
wow thanks for this! I learned a lot about thyroid disease!
Name: Osteoporosis
Which System it Affects: Skeletal System
Symptoms: Low Calcium, low bone density, and low Calcium D are characteristics of Osteoporosis. There are no specific symptoms, other than an increased risk for bone fractures.
Summary: Osteoporosis is a disorder affecting the skeletal system, in which an individual's normal bone density is reduced; due to this reduced bone density, those with the disorder experience in increased fragility of bones, thus are more likely to undergo bone fracture. Bones in those with Osteoporosis have abnormal structure that is less dense and more 'holey' and porous, making it much more compressible than normal bone. Possible causes of Osteoporosis include prolonged immobilization (i.e. you break a limb, and are unable to move while the fracture is healing), malnutrition, and hypogonadism (which occurs which reproductive organs are under active, as seen in individual's diagnosed with disorders such as Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, or anorexia nervosa).
Who it affects: Osteoporosis is most common in postmenopausal women.
Treatment: Preventative medication includes hormones (estrogen and progestin), which increases the risk for other diseases. People diagnosed with osteoporosis are usually prescribed medication that attempts to prevent further bone loss and reduces the risk of fractures. This medication could include the hormones teriparatide and calcitonin. There are also six bisphosphates that can be prescribed to those with osteoporosis, but these have not been around long enough to see their long term effects. Raloxifene (Evista), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, can be prescribed to help prevent fractures, but also puts the patient at risk for other disorders and diseases. Regular exercise and keeping vision prescriptions up to date are daily ways to increase bone density and reduce the risk of falling.
Picture: http://www.healthline.com/images/staywell/37381.jpg
Works Cited
http://www.medicinenet.com/osteoporosis/article.htm#toca
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/osteoporosis/DS00128/DSECTION=risk-factors
http://www.nwhn.org/healthinfo/detail.cfm?info_id=18&topic=Fact%20Sheets
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoporosis
Emily Summit Alex Kern
Histoplasmosis (disseminated)
Affects: Respiratory System (specifically the lungs)
Symptoms:
Fever, headache, dry cough, chills, chest pain, weight loss, sweats, Anemia, Pneumonia, Pericarditis, Meningitis, Adrenal insufficiency, ulcers of the mouth, tongue, and/or intestinal tract
Summary: Disseminated Histoplasmosis is a disease that results from a fungus known as Histoplasma capsulatum. This fungus is found in mostly temperate climates, including Ohio and Missouri. It affects people with a poor immune system, and can also spread to other parts of the body (i.e eyes, liver, bone, etc). If untreated, disseminated histoplasmosis can cause death. When it first enters the body, it is in mycelial form, and will eventually grow as yeast in mammals. Individuals who are infected are asymptomatic and are exposed to large amounts of inoculum.
Affects: Any age group, but especially those are very young or very old.
Treatement: Medical therapy and give intrathecal or intraventricular injections and if required, intravenous antifungal therapy.
IMAGE: http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/17224.jpg
Sources: http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/histoplasmosis_gi.html
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-treatment
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/histoplasmosis/DS00517
Name of the disease: Encephalocele
The system affected by the disease: Central nervous system (Brain)
Symptoms: portion of the brain hanging out of the skull in a skin covered sac.
Summary of the disease: The bone of the skull does not completely close creating a gap where the spinal fluid and brain tissue exit the skull making a mass outside the head. The disease produces a sac to hold the external portion of the brain. Encephalocele is considered as a neural tube defect. The part of the brain located outside of the skull may be large holding disorganized cerebral hemispheres. The protruding brain mass may be small holding gliotic cerebellum and meninges. When the mass is large, it can cause severe mental impairment to the child.
Who it affects: Encephalocele affects 1/1000 children.
Treatments: Surgery is used to put back the spinal fluid and brain tissue from the sac into his normal location.
Citations: http://radiology.uchc.edu/eAtlas/CNS/476.htm
http://www.chw.org/display/PPF/DocID/35469/Nav/1/router.asp
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/403308-overview
Picture: http://facingforward.org/assets/Picture%20006.jpg
Post a Comment