Final Exam Review

Below is the list of topics and concepts we have covered this term. Anything on this sheet is fair game for the winter final exam. Pay attention to the percentage amounts, for example: Biotechnology is twenty percent of the exam, therefore you should spend about twenty percent of your study time on this section.

Thanksgiving to Christmas: Genetics

10% of the exam

Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Codominance

Multiple Allelic Traits

Polygenic Traits

Pedigree Chart

Pleiotropy

Environmental Effects on Phenotypes

Genetic Disorders

Testing for Genetic Disorders

Tracking Genetic Disorders with Pedigree Charts

The Human Genome Project

ELSI

January: Biotechnology

20% of the exam

How to write a scientific paper

DNA extraction (in particular, uses of specific reagents)

Gel Electrophoresis (materials, how it works)

PCR (materials, how it works)

February: Evolution

You should be able to give a different example or case study for topics as needed. You may only use each example once on the exam.

For example: If this lists says “microevolution” not only do you need to be able to explain what it is, you also need to give a specific example. In this case, you could talk about the Blue Mussels or the mute mutant crickets in Hawaii

Who was Darwin?

Scientific use of the word “theory” v. vernacular use

Cladogram

Phylogeny

Clades

Speciation Event

Homology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Mutation

Migration

Founder Effect / Genetic Drift

Natural Selection

Bottle Neck

Fitness

Microevolution

Sexual Selection

Males Compete & Female Choice

Intrasexual Selection

Intrasexual Selection

Sexual Dimorphism

Fisher’s Process

Single-Step Selection

Cumulative Selection

Biomorphs

Selecting agents

Richard Dawkins

Lamarkism v. Darwinism

Adaptation

Mimicry

Preventing competition

Echolocation

Neutral Theory

Qualifications for Adaptations

Darwin’s Finches

Defining a species

Hybrids

Biological Species Concept

Population Divergence

Causes of speciation

Geographic Isolation

Reduction in Gene Flow

Allopatric population

Peripatric population

Parapatric population

Sympatric population

Defining Macroevolution

Patterns in Macroevolution

Stasis

Character Change

Lineage Splitting

Extinction

Gradualism

Punctuated Equilibrium

Diversity in clades (why would one lineage lead to millions of species and another one only lead to a few hundred)

Right place, right time in the environment

Adaptive Radiation

Historical Change in diversity

Explosion

Extinction

Trends in Evolution

Random fluctuation v. trends

What causes evolutionary trends